We built a standalone C++/ggml speculative decoder for Qwen3.5-27B Q4_K_M with a DFlash block-diffusion draft.

207.6 tok/s peak (5.46x over AR); HE 10-prompt bench averages 129.5 tok/s at DDTree budget=22, single RTX 3090, 24 GB. 3.43x over autoregressive and 2.8x over the best public SGLang AWQ number.

TL;DR - Peak 207.6 tok/s DFlash vs 38.0 tok/s AR (5.46x). HE bench: 129.5 tok/s mean at DDTree budget=22. - 3.43x over autoregressive Q4_K_M baseline (37.78 tok/s). - 2.8x vs SGLang AWQ reference (46.6 tok/s) on the same RTX 3090. - 128K context fits on 24 GB. Q4_0 KV + rolling 4096-slot target feature buffer. 134.78 tok/s at ctx=131072. - Only ggml. Never link libllama. ~2000 LOC C++/CUDA in libdflash27b.a around ggml_gated_delta_net.

Why the experiment exists Qwen3.5-27B is a hybrid model: every 4th layer is full softmax attention, the rest (48 of 64) are Gated DeltaNet. SSM state cache alongside the KV cache. That combo doesn't have a good single-3090 decode path today: llama.cpp has the GGUF loader and ggml_gated_delta_net, but no DFlash speculative decoding. vLLM / SGLang ship z-lab's DFlash integration, but only on BF16 (54 GB, doesn't fit on 24 GB). AWQ target on SGLang runs plain AR at 46.6 tok/s but can't host a BF16 draft + DDTree state in 24 GB. z-lab's reference benchmarks run BF16 on B200, 54+ GB class. We wanted the fastest single-3090 decode on a 24 GB card. The answer: port only the graph glue to ggml, keep the existing DeltaNet kernel, run DFlash block-diffusion draft with a DDTree verifier, compress KV to Q4_0 for long context.

From autoregressive to DDTree Same 10-prompt HE bench, n_gen=256, Q4_K_M target, BF16 draft. AL = average accept length. DDTree paper reports +35-42% over chain DFlash on pure-attention Qwen3 variants. On our hybrid Q4_K_M/RTX 3090 combo we see +15% over chain. The gap comes from Q4 quantization flattening the draft softmax, partially patched with a chain pre-seed in build_ddtree. Draft-ceiling bound, not verify-memory bound: a bigger tree won't help, only a better draft will.

Key wins - f16 intermediate cache: half the bandwidth, +5% at the same tree budget. Bit-identical to AR at 40 tokens. - Persist-write kernel (ggml_gated_delta_net_tree_persist): skips a 9 ms ggml_cpy per step, +11%. - target_feat compaction after sibling accept: unlocked real tree rescue on 9/10 prompts. - extract_draft_topk reverse bug: sort_heap + cmp_greater already produces descending order; an extra std::reverse was sending the worst candidate to the tree root. One-line fix. - verify_logits_buf overflow: sized vocabq_len but DDTree reads vocab(budget+1) past budget 15. Silent memory corruption. One-line size fix.

128K context on 24 GB Flash-attention in ggml-cuda supports Q4_0 K+V natively, so KV compression is just ggml_cpy with the F32->Q4_0 quantizer on write. 8x over f16. Combined with a rolling 4096-slot target_feat ring, target_feat shrinks from 6.6 GB to 0.2 GB at 128K. Tradeoffs: Q4_0 KV costs ~3% quality on HE (AL 8.56 -> 8.33) at short context, dramatically better at long ones. Only thing that lets 128K fit on 24 GB.

Prefill Short prompts (<=2048 tok): PREFILL_UBATCH=16. Matches DFlash block size. Long prompts (>2048 tok): auto-bump to PREFILL_UBATCH=192. 13K prefill: 40.9 s -> 15.07 s (2.7x, ~913 tok/s).

What comes next - Daemon mode: keep the model resident, first-token latency 10 s -> ms. - Temperature / top-k sampling in verify. Currently greedy-only. - Q5_K_M / Q6_K: better quants should recover most of the ~30-point accept gap vs BF16. - Full llama.cpp integration: qwen35 arch, llama-speculative-dflash.cpp wiring. - Metal/Vulkan: not planned. CUDA only, anyone who wants Metal can fork.

As soon as Qwen3.6-27B comes out, we'll do the same for it. Repo in the first comment (open source, MIT).

We got 207 tok/s with Qwen3.5-27B on an RTX 3090