Your problem is that you have not established "guardrails" for the AI and so it goes off and tries to do everything it can to help you (its default persona is "people pleaser").

AI understands "negative constraints" very well and so you should explicitly tell it "what not to do" at every stage as much as possible.

Use Top-Down and Stepwise-Refinement methodology to first generate the "Interface" and then the "Implementation" like so;

1) Ask it to produce only the "Skeleton App with well-defined Interfaces" directly 1:1 from the UML with stubs/mocks. It maybe better to use UML in text form which will allow you to annotate it easily with hints/notes for AI. The "Skeleton App" should include a) System Modules with narrow public interfaces like LKM/ioctl b) Directory structure with one module per subdirectory as a DAG with no cycles c) Explicit list of third-party libraries/frameworks to be used d) Classes/Abstract/Interfaces e) Free Functions and Class Methods with full type signatures etc.

2) Check the above and iterate until you have the UML and generated code synced up at the sufficient level of detail of Interfaces you are comfortable with. This should be compilable and is your absolute baseline which cannot be changed until you get a functional MVP.

3) Using the above skeleton, with strictly no change to any interfaces, ask it to fill in only the implementations the simplest possible way (i.e. "naive" linear, brute force etc.) with no optimizations whatsoever. Here you explicitly ask it to add runtime assertions for preconditions/postconditions/invariants. Make explicit that assertions should not have any side-effects whatsoever. This should now compile to give you the "naive" MVP.

4) Generate comprehensive test suites and test the above.

5) Now have it optimize everything, without changing the interfaces and assertions, but honouring them strictly. Compile and test against the above test suites. This should give you the "optimized" MVP.

6) Once the above passes, if performance is critical, have it comment out all assertions except "preconditions"; leave this in always. This is the minimal "sanity check".

7) Finally, for every "usecase" (i.e. feature) in the UML, have it generate the control flow graph annotated with preconditions/postconditions/invariants (which form the specification) from the previously generated code individually one per usecase. This is your "whitebox" verification documentation to make sure the implementation call graph satisfies the usecase i.e. feature specification.

Note that the above process gives you two implementations viz. the "naive" one and the "optimized" one. It is very helpful to always keep it that way as you modify/add features going forward so you can check one against the other.

You could use the same process using a textual Requirements Document etc. instead of UML. Also, if needed you can have AI generate the UML from the requirements, so you have a graphical specification of the system too.

This is the "Correctness-by-Construction" (CbC) approach using "Design-by-Contract" (DbC) methodology.

Additionally, If you generate for a strongly-typed language you can ask AI to explicitly exploit the type system fully with an eye to proving the code correct by suitable use of dependent types etc. to establish constraints for code correctness in step-1 itself as part of the interface. This is "Type-Driven Design". However, this is somewhat advanced and hence only do this if you have a good grasp of the implementation language since AI will try to be too clever and implement "typing hijinks" which can make the code incomprehensible.

Think of it as how you used wizards in older IDEs (Visual Studio MFC etc.) to first generate default skeleton app code with stubs/mocks, got it to compile and then started adding your code to it with testing and verifying at every stage. You want AI to behave in such a deterministic manner.

PS: To get started, feed my comment to AI and have it generate the necessary prompts for your AI interface ;-)

AI, Lean, and the Future of Formal Verification, with Lean Creator Leo de Moura